| Cold
Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology |
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Clocks
& Rhythms
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| BRUCE
STILLMAN Bio
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| The president of CSHL discusses the 72nd Symposium on Clocks and Rhythms from historical and organizational points of view. He shares his excitement about the accomplishments of the field and emphasizes the remarkable integration of molecular biology with behavior that has evolved since the last biological clocks meeting held in 1960. | |
| URS
ALBRECHT Bio |
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| Depression and circadian clock connection – what comes to play a role at the molecular level? Dr. Albrecht talks about the work of his lab that has discovered the relation between per2 – one of the essential clock genes, and monoaminoxidase A (MAO-A). He describes their journey to investigate MAO-A regulation in per2 mutant mice and how it is connected to dopamine levels in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and to depression. | |
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SUSAN
GOLDEN & TAKAO KONDO |
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| Circadian clock from the “bacterial” perspective – Dr. Golden and Dr. Kondo talk about their studies of biological clocks in cyanobacteria. Dr. Kondo emphasizes the ATPases as one of the major clock components and describes some of his group experiments with the in vitro reconstitution of the bacterial Kai-oscillator. Dr. Golden talks about her group’s effort to make this oscillator work in the cell in order to gain deeper insight into the fundamental clock mechanisms. | |
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CARLA
GREEN Bio |
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| From discovery of nocturnin (noc) in Xenopus Laevis, to finding that it is a clock-controlled gene which is widely expressed in the mouse and plays crucial role in the posttranscriptional regulation of genes involved in the circadian control of metabolism. Dr. Green tells an exciting story about her group’s work on elucidating NOC function and the experiments with noc knock out in mice that has produced very interesting phenotype. | |
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LEONARD
GUARENTE Bio |
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| Extending the life span – Dr. Guarente gives a historical overview of establishing sir2 as an anti-aging gene and highlights his group’s efforts to elucidate whether the calorie restriction effect on prolonging the life span of the organism works through the sirtuin genes. He also discusses prospective experiments that will involve using mouse models of major aging related diseases and checking if they can be ameliorated by manipulating sir2 or other genes from the sirtuin family. | |
| MICHAEL
HASTINGS & STEVEN REPPERT Bio
Bio
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology /Univ. Massachusetts Medical School (interviewed by Sydney Gary) |
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| Connecting clocks and behavior - Dr Reppert tells how he is achieving this goal by studying migration of the monarch butterflies and Dr. Hastings talks about his early work on the clocks of marine organisms and how he has moved to studying the circadian clock in mammals. They also discuss the relationship between tidal rhythms and lunar rhythms, and how important it is for an animal to fix the same point on different time scales. Seasonality and the important but enigmatic hormone: melatonin, are the closing topic of the discussion. | |
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H. PHILIP KOEFFLER Bio
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| Circadian clock genes and cancer – from Dr. Koeffler’s work we learn that certain types of cancer are characterized by lower expression levels of per2 gene, which turned out to be a tumor suppressor, and can be turned on by a group of transcription factors called CEBPs. Moreover, Dr. Koeffler talks about per1 upregulation and how it aids the DNA repair signaling. Also, the interaction between activated estrogen receptor and Per2 may have relevance to breast cancer. The interview finishes with Dr, Koeffler’s perspective on how these findings might aid the development of better treatments and anti-cancer therapies | |
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WILLIAM
SCHWARTZ Bio |
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| Hierarchy of oscillators and how the circadian rhythm may affect group behavior – Dr. Schwartz gives very interesting insight into different levels of oscillator organization and emphasizes the importance of various disciplines integration in studying such complex system as the biological clocks. | |
| ALFRED
LEWY Bio Oregon Health & Science University (interviewed by Sandra Kuhlman) |
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| Human biological clocks – Dr. Lewy describes fascinating work done by him and his group on developing melatonin and light treatment for people with chronobiological disorders. He talks about the melatonin assay that is used to correctly diagnose the type of the disorder and design the most suitable treatment regimen. What is more, he gives some insight into the circadian basis and treatment of depression and sleep disorders in blind people and those who suffer from the winter depression. | |
| JENNIFER
LOROS Bio Dartmouth Medical School (interviewed by Jan Witkowski) |
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| Neurospora fungus as an intensively studied unicellular system for circadian rhythms research – Dr. Loros presents a remarkable historical overview of how this model organism has been used in the field and what kind of observations have been drawn from it. She also talks about the improvements to the system, that were made in her lab and will allow to track even the least abundant clock components. These improvements involved very thorough molecular engineering of the luciferase gene in order to make it easier to express in Neurospora. | |
| COLLEEN
McCLUNG Bio UT Southwestern Medical Center (interviewed by Sydney Gary) |
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| The molecular connection between bipolar disorder, drugs effect and circadian rhythms – Dr. McClung talks about recent work of her group that developed mouse model of mania, which is observed in patients with bipolar disorder. In those mice the clock gene was mutated. She describes that they have found the clock gene to be significant in dopaminergic neurons, which are involved in the mechanisms of reward and motivation and are regulating mood and behavior. | |
| OLIVIER
POURQUIE Bio Stowers Institute for Medical Research (interviewed by Jan Witkowski) |
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| How does clocks and rhythms drive the mammalian development? – Dr. Pourquié discusses his work on segmentation in vertabrates that started with discovery of the molecular oscillator - the segmentation clock, which is involved in the formation of the segmented structures of the vertebrate body axis. Moreover, he describes the mouse embryo segmentation model that his group is currently working on to identify oscillatory genes and other important components for the somites formation. He also mentions the findings on the role of the retinoic acid in the symetry maintnence, and the initiated work on the congenital spinal disorders in humans. | |
| MARTIN
RAFF Bio University College London (interviewed by Sydney Gary) |
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| Intracellular timers – the answer to the question: how the timing of developmental events is controlled and coordinated in animals? - Dr. Raff goes back to early years of his scientific career and describes the path that led him to studying the mechanisms of timing during the mammalian development. He describes the history of obtaining the simplest possible model for oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiation in an in vitro culture, and discusses potential questions that could be answered using that system. He also gives his perspective on the physicians/scientists training at the end of the interview. | |
| MICHAEL
ROSBASH Bio Brandeis University/HHMI (interviewed by Sandra Kuhlman) |
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| Sleeping fruit fly – Dr. Rosbash describes his work on circadian rhythms in Drosophila and explains details of this model system for the biological clocks research. He explains the complexity of the core timekeeping machinery in Drosophila and in animals. | |
| CLIFFORD
SAPER Bio Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (interviewed by Jan Witkowski) |
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| Inducible clocks – Dr. Saper talks about the interplay between suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH). He describes the experiments the group has performed with BMAL1 mice where they have overridden the temporal information provided by the light-dark cycle with food entrainment, which suggested that DMH it is a key center for regulating circadian rhythms. | |
PAOLO
SASSONE-CORSI Bio |
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| CLOCK as the transcription factor and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) – Dr. Sassone-Corsi gives some historical perspective on the circadian rhythm field and describes the very first experiment his group performed to study the light induced chromatin remodeling in a mouse. He discusses their crucial finding that CLOCK appears to be a novel type of DNA-binding HAT and that this activity is essential for the biological clock function. | |
ULRICH
SCHIBLER & MICHAEL YOUNG |
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| Transcription factors and the passion for circadian rhythms regulation - The two scientists share their stories about how they got interested in studying the oscillating genes and describe some aspects of their current work, which involves real time observation of the clock protein interactions and oscillators in single cells. They also give very interesting perspective of the future most interesting questions in the field and discuss the evolutionary aspect of circadian rhythms. | |
| WRAP
UP: DAVID STEWART
Bio
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (interviewed by Catherine Cormier) |
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| The sum up of the 72nd Symposium on Clocks and Rhythms – the executive director of meetings and courses at CSHL summarizes the organizational undertaking of the Symposium. He highlights the broad scope of interests integrated into the meeting, and discusses the training workshop introduced for the first time this year. Also, he emphasizes the remarkably interactive atmosphere that suffused the entire Symposium and talks about the scientific highlights, about people who returned to the symposium and to CSHL, and about the traditions that were kept over the years, acknowledging at the end the Symposium summary given by Michael Menaker. | |
Symposium
Live
Symposia
Past (a bit of history and photographs from previous Symposia)
Online
Symposium Volumes (searchable database of past Symposia volumes
and currently received manuscripts)
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